Team Building: A Basic Definition

Here are some terms that are often used in a team building context. Which ones do you think define what a team is?

Some of these terms are features of good teams. For example, the expression 'whole > sum' is used when they are working well together - but there are some teams whose collective performance falls short of what you might expect given the quality of individuals. The Apollo Syndrome is a good example of this - where highly intelligent people often perform worse when working together than teams with 'less able' members.

The term 'reporting to one boss' can be a misleading one. Reporting lines are frequently designed within the constraints of grading structures. Of necessity, there is often a compromise between pay structures or traditional reporting lines and grouping people together who work on common goals. In reality, organisational structures are often complicated, and people can be members of several teams, because a team is a group of people working together towards a common goal. .

Common goals

Consider the example of a financial services organisation, selling pensions. Who is a member of the 'sales' team?

You first have to define the common goal of the sales team before you can define who is in it. Let us suppose that the goal is 'to increase the sales of the company'. Who contributes to that goal? There are many people:

In this example, it is easy to see the need for a corporate culture that recognises and values the contribution that everyone makes to the sales process, and other important goals. The whole organisation is truly a team, and working together towards a set of common goals. The example also shows the hierarchy of goals that exists within the company.

In the second (and final) part of this article, we'll examine what "team building" is.

'Team Building' is the process of enabling that group of people to reach their goal.

It is therefore a management issue, and the most effective form of team building is that undertaken as a form of management consultancy, rather than as pure training (though there is a role for training within a programme of team building).

In its simplest terms, the stages involved in team building are:

• To clarify the team goals
• To identify those issues which inhibit the team from reaching their goals
• To address those issues, remove the inhibitors and enable the goals to be achieved

The primary skills in this process are recognising the right issues, and tackling them in an appropriate way and an appropriate order. Team building can also take a different form depending on the size and nature of the team.

In a project environment, where team composition is continually changing, the emphasis must be on developing the skills in individuals to be effective team members. The 'scale' involved is 1 person, and the team building consultant is endeavouring to change the skills and abilities of the individual at operating within a team (or within multiple teams).

In teams where membership is static - typically in management teams - how the individuals within the team relate can have a big bearing on team performance. If a member leaves, or another joins, the dynamics of the team can be changed greatly. Here, the scale is small - say, 2 to about 12 - and the team building consultant endeavours to improve relationships between team members, using tools such as the MBTI and/or the MTR-i team roles.

A larger scale operates between teams. Where the teams do not relate well, they are called 'team islands', and it is the relationship between the teams that becomes the focus for the consultant.

The largest scale is organisational culture change. With the exception of the senior management team, the ability of individuals to make an impact on the corporate culture is very limited. One of the key aims of the consultant is to change the behaviours and attitudes prevalent in the organisation, which are almost independent of who actually works there - new recruits who are 'different' often start behaving in accord with the existing culture.

Summary

• A team is a group of people working towards a common goal
• Team building is a process of enabling the team to achieve that goal
• The stages involved include clarifying the goal, identifying the inhibitors and removing them.
• The nature of the team building varies in terms of scale, and what you are trying to achieve:

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